Station: KWAL Date: 12Z 8 FEB 2012 WMO ident: 72402 Latitude: 37.93 Longitude: -75.48 Elevation: 41.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1022 41 2.6 0.2 84 2.4 1.6 5 6 274.0 274.7 273.6 284.3 3.79 S 1010 109 5.8 1.7 75 4.1 3.9 45 10 278.2 278.9 276.6 289.9 4.28 M 1000 190 5.4 0.5 71 4.9 3.2 60 13 278.5 279.2 276.4 289.5 3.96 W 986 305 4.7 -0.4 69 5.1 2.5 70 19 279.0 279.6 276.3 289.4 3.77 W 950 610 2.9 -2.8 66 5.6 0.6 95 15 280.1 280.7 276.3 289.3 3.28 M 925 822 1.6 -4.4 64 6.0 -0.7 100 9 280.9 281.5 276.3 289.4 2.98 W 914 914 1.0 -5.0 64 6.0 -1.3 105 6 281.3 281.8 276.3 289.4 2.88 S 881 1213 -0.9 -6.9 64 6.0 -3.1 26 6 282.3 282.7 276.5 289.7 2.58 W 880 1219 -0.9 -6.9 64 6.0 -3.1 25 6 282.3 282.8 276.5 289.7 2.58 M 850 1499 -1.5 -7.5 64 6.0 -3.7 340 6 284.6 285.0 277.6 292.0 2.56 S 849 1508 -1.5 -7.5 64 6.0 -3.7 338 6 284.7 285.1 277.7 292.1 2.56 W 847 1524 -1.4 -7.9 61 6.5 -3.7 335 7 284.9 285.4 277.7 292.1 2.49 S 828 1708 -0.3 -12.3 40 12.0 -4.3 269 6 288.0 288.3 278.3 293.3 1.79 W 815 1829 -0.8 -13.1 39 12.3 -4.8 225 6 288.7 289.0 278.5 293.8 1.71 W 785 2134 -2.1 -15.1 36 13.0 -6.1 240 11 290.5 290.8 279.1 295.1 1.51 W 755 2438 -3.4 -17.0 34 13.6 -7.4 250 16 292.3 292.6 279.7 296.4 1.33 W 727 2743 -4.7 -19.0 32 14.3 -8.7 235 19 294.2 294.4 280.4 297.8 1.17 M 700 3038 -5.9 -20.9 29 15.0 -9.9 240 19 296.0 296.1 281.0 299.2 1.03 S 670 3379 -7.5 -24.5 24 17.0 -11.6 247 25 297.9 298.0 281.5 300.4 0.78 S 647 3651 -7.1 -45.1 3 38.0 -12.7 250 29 301.3 301.4 282.1 301.7 0.11 W 646 3658 -7.1 -45.1 3 37.9 -12.8 250 29 301.4 301.4 282.1 301.8 0.11 S 615 4044 -8.9 -42.9 4 34.0 -14.1 250 33 303.7 303.7 283.1 304.2 0.14 S 611 4095 -9.3 -21.3 37 12.0 -12.5 250 34 303.8 304.0 284.4 307.5 1.14 W 597 4267 -10.8 -20.9 43 10.2 -13.5 250 36 304.0 304.3 284.5 307.9 1.21 S 589 4376 -11.7 -20.7 47 9.0 -14.1 252 37 304.2 304.4 284.7 308.2 1.25 W 551 4877 -14.7 -28.0 31 13.3 -17.4 260 41 306.5 306.6 284.9 308.8 0.69 S 546 4952 -15.1 -29.1 29 14.0 -17.9 259 42 306.8 306.9 284.9 308.9 0.63 S 511 5449 -19.1 -29.1 41 10.0 -21.0 256 48 307.8 308.0 285.4 310.1 0.67 M 500 5610 -20.1 -23.2 76 3.1 -20.8 255 50 308.5 308.8 286.2 312.4 1.18 W 468 6096 -23.9 -26.0 83 2.1 -24.3 260 55 309.8 309.9 286.4 313.0 0.98 S 439 6564 -27.5 -28.7 89 1.2 -27.7 260 59 310.9 311.0 286.6 313.6 0.81 S 404 7159 -30.9 -35.3 65 4.4 -31.4 260 65 313.9 314.0 287.3 315.6 0.47 M 400 7230 -31.5 -35.7 66 4.2 -32.0 260 66 314.0 314.1 287.3 315.7 0.46 S 391 7390 -32.9 -35.9 74 3.0 -33.3 260 67 314.3 314.4 287.4 315.9 0.46 W 378 7620 -34.5 -38.5 67 4.0 -34.9 260 69 315.2 315.2 287.6 316.5 0.36 S 355 8063 -37.5 -43.5 53 6.0 -37.9 262 72 316.9 316.9 288.0 317.7 0.23 W 302 9144 -46.6 -53.6 45 7.0 -46.9 265 79 318.9 318.9 288.5 319.2 0.09 M 300 9200 -47.1 -54.1 45 7.0 -47.3 270 82 319.0 319.0 288.5 319.3 0.08 S 287 9491 -49.1 -56.1 44 7.0 -49.3 271 88 320.2 320.2 288.9 320.4 0.07 S 269 9911 -52.7 -57.6 55 4.9 -52.8 273 97 320.9 320.9 289.1 321.2 0.06 M 250 10380 -55.5 -62.5 41 7.0 -55.6 275 107 323.6 323.6 289.9 323.7 0.03 MWD 244 10535 -56.4 -63.6 40 7.2 -56.5 275 109 324.5 324.5 290.2 324.6 0.03 W 239 10668 -57.1 -64.5 39 7.4 -57.2 275 109 325.4 325.4 290.4 325.5 0.03 TRP 222 11132 -59.7 -67.7 35 8.0 -59.8 275 101 328.3 328.3 291.2 328.4 0.02 M 200 11790 -57.5 -69.5 20 12.0 -57.7 270 102 341.7 341.7 294.7 341.8 0.02 S 174 12667 -57.9 -74.9 10 17.0 -58.1 270 93 354.9 354.9 297.7 355.0 0.01 S 166 12965 -55.7 -74.7 8 19.0 -56.0 270 90 363.4 363.4 299.4 363.5 0.01 W 155 13411 -55.4 -75.8 6 20.4 -55.8 270 85 371.3 371.3 300.8 371.3 0.01 M 150 13610 -55.3 -76.3 6 21.0 -55.6 270 76 374.8 374.8 301.4 374.8 0.01 S 149 13653 -55.5 -76.5 6 21.0 -55.8 270 75 375.2 375.2 301.5 375.2 0.01 S 143 13915 -53.5 -75.5 5 22.0 -53.9 266 69 383.1 383.1 302.8 383.1 0.01 W 141 14021 -53.9 -76.0 5 22.2 -54.3 265 66 384.3 384.3 302.9 384.3 0.01 W 116 15240 -57.9 -81.8 3 23.9 -58.2 275 60 398.5 398.5 305.0 398.5 0.00 S 115 15299 -58.1 -82.1 3 24.0 -58.4 275 59 399.2 399.2 305.1 399.2 0.00 W 111 15545 -59.2 -82.3 3 23.2 -59.5 275 53 401.7 401.7 305.5 401.7 0.00 W 100 16154 -61.8 -82.9 4 21.1 -62.1 260 45 408.0 408.0 306.3 408.0 0.00 M 100 16170 -61.9 -82.9 4 21.0 -62.1 265 45 408.1 408.1 306.3 408.1 0.00 S 96 16422 -63.5 -84.5 4 21.0 -63.7 266 46 409.8 409.8 306.5 409.8 0.00 S 83 17321 -62.1 -83.1 4 21.0 -62.4 268 49 430.1 430.1 308.9 430.1 0.00 W 75 17983 -63.6 -83.4 5 19.7 -63.8 270 52 440.3 440.3 309.9 440.3 0.01 W 71 18288 -64.3 -83.5 6 19.2 -64.6 275 49 445.1 445.1 310.4 445.1 0.01 M 70 18370 -64.5 -83.5 6 19.0 -64.7 275 48 446.4 446.4 310.5 446.4 0.01 W 67 18593 -64.9 -83.6 6 18.7 -65.1 265 44 450.2 450.2 310.9 450.2 0.01 S 62 19107 -65.9 -83.9 6 18.0 -66.1 273 36 459.1 459.1 311.7 459.1 0.01 S 54 19949 -62.7 -82.7 5 20.0 -63.1 297 24 484.9 484.9 313.8 485.0 0.01 W 53 20117 -63.3 -83.0 5 19.6 -63.7 305 21 487.3 487.3 314.0 487.3 0.01 M 50 20420 -64.5 -83.5 6 19.0 -64.8 295 20 491.5 491.5 314.3 491.5 0.01 W 48 20726 -64.5 -83.6 6 19.1 -64.8 290 19 498.5 498.5 314.8 498.6 0.01 W 43 21336 -64.6 -83.9 5 19.3 -64.9 300 19 512.8 512.8 315.8 512.9 0.01 W 35 22555 -64.6 -84.3 5 19.7 -65.1 325 18 542.6 542.6 317.7 542.7 0.01 W 34 22860 -64.7 -84.4 5 19.8 -65.1 300 16 550.4 550.4 318.1 550.4 0.01 W 30 23470 -64.7 -84.7 5 20.0 -65.2 330 12 566.1 566.1 319.0 566.2 0.01 M 30 23550 -64.7 -84.7 5 20.0 -65.2 315 13 568.3 568.3 319.0 568.3 0.01 W 29 23774 -64.7 -84.7 5 20.0 -65.2 300 17 574.2 574.2 319.4 574.3 0.01 W 28 24079 -64.7 -84.7 5 20.0 -65.3 320 20 582.4 582.4 319.8 582.5 0.01 W 26 24384 -64.7 -84.7 5 20.0 -65.3 310 19 590.8 590.8 320.2 590.8 0.01 S 26 24429 -64.7 -84.7 5 20.0 -65.3 311 19 592.0 592.0 320.2 592.1 0.01 W 23 25298 -61.7 -83.6 4 22.0 -62.6 325 15 625.1 625.1 321.7 625.2 0.02 W 22 25603 -60.6 -83.3 4 22.7 -61.7 350 14 637.2 637.2 322.2 637.3 0.02 S 21 25754 -60.1 -83.1 3 23.0 -61.3 330 12 643.2 643.2 322.4 643.3 0.02 W 20 25908 -59.8 -83.3 3 23.5 -61.1 300 10 648.6 648.6 322.6 648.8 0.02 M 20 26060 -59.5 -83.5 3 24.0 -60.9 310 15 654.0 654.1 322.9 654.2 0.02 S 19 26381 -59.5 -83.5 3 24.0 -60.9 310 19 663.7 663.7 323.2 663.9 0.02 W 18 26822 -58.7 -83.5 3 24.8 -60.3 310 24 679.8 679.8 323.7 680.0 0.02 W 16 27432 -57.6 -83.5 2 25.9 -59.6 310 25 702.6 702.6 324.5 702.8 0.02 S 16 27460 -57.5 -83.5 2 26.0 -59.5 310 25 703.7 703.7 324.6 703.9 0.02 W 15 27737 -57.6 -83.3 2 25.8 -59.6 310 23 712.4 712.4 324.8 712.6 0.02 W 15 28042 -57.6 -83.2 2 25.5 -59.8 275 19 722.0 722.0 325.1 722.2 0.03 W 13 28651 -57.8 -82.8 3 25.0 -60.1 315 32 741.7 741.8 325.7 742.0 0.03 W 12 29261 -58.0 -82.4 3 24.5 -60.4 320 30 762.0 762.0 326.3 762.3 0.04 S 11 29821 -58.1 -82.1 3 24.0 -60.6 287 34 781.1 781.1 326.8 781.5 0.04 W 11 29870 -57.5 -82.0 3 24.5 -60.2 285 34 784.9 784.9 326.8 785.2 0.04 M 10 30430 -51.3 -81.3 2 30.0 -56.2 280 46 828.1 828.1 327.9 828.6 0.05 S 9.2 30970 -52.7 -80.7 2 28.0 -57.3 - - 842.7 842.7 328.2 843.3 0.06 S 7.7 32129 -48.9 -78.9 2 30.0 -55.7 - - 902.0 902.0 329.5 903.1 0.10 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5420.00 m Freezing level: 896.75 mb = 1070.95 m = 3513.58 ft Wetbulb zero: 938.52 mb = 704.38 m = 2310.91 ft Precipitable water: 0.41 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 41.24 % Est. max temperature: 11.56 C = 52.82 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 984.62 mb = 315.69 m = 1035.70 ft T: 4.64 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.52 C/km ThetaE index: 0.57 C Layer 1000.0- 925.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 706.43 mb = 2965.59 m = 9729.51 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.57 g/kg Conv temperature: 24.21 C = 75.57 F Cap Strength: 16.39 C Lifted Index: 16.74 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 21.14 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 10.25 C Showalter Index: 14.68 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 31.20 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 18.60 C Cross Totals Index: 12.60 C K Index: -3.90 Risk: None Sweat Index: 62.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.30 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer Lifted index: 16.74 C CAPE (B+): 11.98 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.89 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 55084.77 J/kg Cap Strength: 16.48 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 897.48 mb = 1064.43 m = 3492.17 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 283 at 19 knt ----------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ----------------------------------------------------- 1022 41 5 6 -0.5 -6.0 | 85 19 -18.9 -1.7 1010 109 45 10 -7.0 -6.9 | 84 26 -25.4 -2.6 1000 190 60 13 -11.3 -6.5 | 86 30 -29.7 -2.2 986 305 70 19 -17.9 -6.5 | 86 36 -36.3 -2.2 950 610 95 15 -14.9 1.3 | 100 34 -33.3 5.6 925 822 100 9 -8.9 1.6 | 102 28 -27.3 5.8 914 914 105 6 -5.8 1.6 | 104 25 -24.2 5.8 881 1213 26 6 -2.6 -5.4 | 87 21 -21.0 -1.1 880 1219 25 6 -2.5 -5.4 | 87 21 -20.9 -1.2 850 1499 340 6 2.1 -5.6 | 85 16 -16.3 -1.4 849 1508 338 6 2.4 -5.9 | 84 16 -16.0 -1.6 847 1524 335 7 3.0 -6.3 | 82 16 -15.4 -2.1 828 1708 269 6 6.4 0.1 | 110 13 -12.0 4.3 815 1829 225 6 4.2 4.2 | 121 17 -14.2 8.5 785 2134 240 11 9.5 5.5 | 138 13 -8.9 9.8 755 2438 250 16 15.0 5.5 | 161 10 -3.4 9.8 727 2743 235 19 15.6 10.9 | 169 15 -2.8 15.2 700 3038 240 19 16.5 9.5 | 172 14 -1.9 13.8 670 3379 247 25 22.5 9.8 | 196 15 4.1 14.0 647 3651 250 29 27.1 9.9 | 212 17 8.7 14.2 646 3658 250 29 27.3 9.9 | 212 17 8.9 14.2 615 4044 250 33 31.4 11.4 | 220 20 13.0 15.7 611 4095 250 34 32.0 11.6 | 220 21 13.6 15.9 597 4267 250 36 33.8 12.3 | 223 23 15.4 16.6 589 4376 252 37 35.1 11.4 | 227 23 16.7 15.7 551 4877 260 41 40.4 7.1 | 243 25 22.0 11.4 546 4952 259 42 41.2 7.7 | 242 26 22.8 12.0 511 5449 256 48 46.6 11.7 | 241 32 28.2 15.9 500 5610 255 50 48.3 12.9 | 240 35 29.9 17.2 468 6096 260 55 54.2 9.6 | 249 38 35.8 13.8 439 6564 260 59 58.6 10.3 | 250 43 40.2 14.6 404 7159 260 65 64.3 11.3 | 251 48 45.9 15.6 400 7230 260 66 65.0 11.5 | 251 49 46.6 15.7 391 7390 260 67 66.2 11.7 | 252 50 47.8 16.0 378 7620 260 69 68.0 12.0 | 252 52 49.6 16.3 355 8063 262 72 71.1 10.5 | 254 55 52.7 14.8 302 9144 265 79 78.7 6.9 | 260 61 60.3 11.2 300 9200 270 82 82.0 0.0 | 266 64 63.6 4.3 287 9491 271 88 88.0 -2.3 | 268 70 69.6 2.0 269 9911 273 97 96.8 -5.6 | 271 78 78.4 -1.3 250 10380 275 107 106.6 -9.3 | 273 88 88.2 -5.0 244 10535 275 109 108.6 -9.5 | 273 90 90.2 -5.2 239 10668 275 109 108.6 -9.5 | 273 90 90.2 -5.2 222 11132 275 101 100.6 -8.8 | 273 82 82.2 -4.5 200 11790 270 102 102.0 0.0 | 267 84 83.6 4.3 174 12667 270 93 92.8 0.0 | 267 74 74.4 4.3 166 12965 270 90 89.6 0.0 | 267 71 71.3 4.3 155 13411 270 85 85.0 0.0 | 266 67 66.6 4.3 150 13610 270 76 76.0 0.0 | 266 58 57.6 4.3 149 13653 270 75 75.0 0.6 | 265 57 56.6 4.9 143 13915 266 69 68.5 4.3 | 260 51 50.1 8.6 141 14021 265 66 65.7 5.8 | 258 48 47.4 10.0 116 15240 275 60 59.8 -5.2 | 271 41 41.4 -0.9 115 15299 275 59 58.4 -5.1 | 271 40 40.0 -0.8 111 15545 275 53 52.8 -4.6 | 271 34 34.4 -0.3 100 16154 260 45 44.3 7.8 | 245 29 25.9 12.1 100 16170 265 45 44.8 3.9 | 253 28 26.4 8.2 96 16422 266 46 45.8 3.4 | 254 28 27.5 7.7 83 17321 268 49 49.4 1.4 | 260 32 31.0 5.7 75 17983 270 52 52.0 0.0 | 263 34 33.6 4.3 71 18288 275 49 48.8 -4.3 | 270 30 30.4 0.0 70 18370 275 48 47.8 -4.2 | 270 29 29.4 0.1 67 18593 265 44 43.8 3.8 | 252 27 25.4 8.1 62 19107 273 36 36.2 -1.6 | 261 18 17.8 2.7 54 19949 297 24 20.9 -10.7 | 338 7 2.5 -6.4 53 20117 305 21 17.2 -12.0 | 9 8 -1.2 -7.8 50 20420 295 20 18.1 -8.5 | 4 4 -0.3 -4.2 48 20726 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 14 2 -0.5 -2.2 43 21336 300 19 16.5 -9.5 | 20 6 -1.9 -5.2 35 22555 325 18 10.3 -14.7 | 38 13 -8.1 -10.5 34 22860 300 16 13.9 -8.0 | 51 6 -4.5 -3.7 30 23470 330 12 6.0 -10.4 | 64 14 -12.4 -6.1 30 23550 315 13 9.2 -9.2 | 62 10 -9.2 -4.9 29 23774 300 17 14.7 -8.5 | 41 6 -3.7 -4.2 28 24079 320 20 12.9 -15.3 | 27 12 -5.5 -11.0 26 24384 310 19 14.6 -12.2 | 26 9 -3.8 -7.9 26 24429 311 19 14.3 -12.2 | 27 9 -4.1 -8.0 23 25298 325 15 8.6 -12.3 | 51 13 -9.8 -8.0 22 25603 350 14 2.4 -13.8 | 59 19 -16.0 -9.5 21 25754 330 12 6.1 -10.4 | 64 14 -12.3 -6.1 20 25908 300 10 8.7 -5.0 | 86 10 -9.7 -0.7 20 26060 310 15 11.5 -9.6 | 52 9 -6.9 -5.4 19 26381 310 19 14.4 -12.1 | 27 9 -4.0 -7.8 18 26822 310 24 18.4 -15.4 | 0 11 -0.0 -11.1 16 27432 310 25 19.2 -16.1 | 356 12 0.8 -11.8 16 27460 310 25 19.0 -16.0 | 357 12 0.6 -11.7 15 27737 310 23 17.6 -14.8 | 4 11 -0.8 -10.5 15 28042 275 19 18.9 -1.7 | 191 3 0.5 2.6 13 28651 315 32 22.6 -22.6 | 347 19 4.2 -18.3 12 29261 320 30 19.3 -23.0 | 357 19 0.9 -18.7 11 29821 287 34 32.1 -10.1 | 293 15 13.7 -5.8 11 29870 285 34 32.8 -8.8 | 287 15 14.4 -4.5 10 30430 280 46 45.3 -8.0 | 278 27 26.9 -3.7 9 30970 | 8 32129 | Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 253.1 at 25.2 knts Storm direction: 283.1 at 18.9 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 1.9 neg: 4.5 tot: 6.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 87.3 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 167.5 neg: -46.7 tot: 120.8 m^2/s^2 ave: 40.3 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.30 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 13.2 stream: 4.0 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.06 Bulk Shear: 207.70 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 68 14 88 62| 16.9 0.0 16.9| 69.0 -1.2 67.8 135.6 0.32| 23.7 7.5 1000 79 12 94 59| 8.5 5.3 13.8| 95.9 -20.3 75.6 75.6 0.21| 18.8 3.9 1500 69 10 91 54| 5.6 7.0 12.6| 95.9 -46.7 49.2 32.8 0.06| 16.3 1.0 2000 68 9 91 53| 4.2 6.3 10.5|139.6 -46.7 93.0 46.5 0.24| 16.1 3.8 2500 72 10 92 55| 2.2 5.0 7.3|161.5 -46.7 114.8 45.9 0.30| 14.7 4.5 3000 231 12 141 29| 1.9 4.5 6.3|167.5 -46.7 120.8 40.3 0.30| 13.2 4.0 4000 245 15 158 23| 1.5 3.3 4.9|219.4 -46.7 172.7 43.2 0.39| 11.8 4.6 5000 250 20 183 22| 2.0 2.7 4.6|276.3 -47.7 228.6 45.7 0.43| 10.8 4.6 6000 253 25 206 25| 2.1 2.8 4.9|322.5 -55.0 267.4 44.6 0.41| 10.1 4.2