Station: KWAL Date: 12Z 9 FEB 2010 WMO ident: 72402 Latitude: 37.93 Longitude: -75.48 Elevation: 41.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1020 41 -3.5 -8.2 70 4.7 -5.0 300 8 268.1 268.5 267.1 273.6 2.02 S 1001 161 -0.3 -12.3 40 12.0 -3.8 309 7 272.8 273.0 269.2 276.9 1.48 M 1000 169 -0.3 -13.3 37 13.0 -4.0 310 7 272.9 273.1 269.1 276.7 1.37 W 983 305 -0.2 -15.8 30 15.6 -4.4 330 7 274.3 274.5 269.6 277.5 1.13 S 949 587 0.0 -21.0 19 21.0 -5.1 273 8 277.3 277.4 270.8 279.5 0.75 W 946 610 -0.1 -21.5 18 21.4 -5.3 270 8 277.4 277.5 270.9 279.5 0.72 M 925 791 -0.9 -25.9 13 25.0 -6.3 270 10 278.4 278.5 271.1 279.9 0.50 S 911 913 -1.3 -29.3 10 28.0 -6.9 265 12 279.2 279.3 271.4 280.3 0.37 W 911 914 -1.2 -29.5 10 28.3 -6.9 265 12 279.3 279.3 271.4 280.4 0.36 S 906 957 0.0 -35.0 5 35.0 -6.4 268 12 281.0 281.0 272.1 281.7 0.22 S 885 1144 0.0 -26.0 12 26.0 -5.9 280 12 282.9 283.0 273.7 284.5 0.52 W 877 1219 -0.5 -26.0 12 25.5 -6.2 285 12 283.1 283.2 273.9 284.7 0.52 M 850 1466 -2.1 -26.1 14 24.0 -7.4 285 13 283.9 284.0 274.3 285.6 0.53 S 844 1522 -2.5 -26.5 14 24.0 -7.7 285 13 284.1 284.2 274.4 285.7 0.52 W 844 1524 -2.5 -26.5 14 24.0 -7.8 285 13 284.1 284.2 274.4 285.7 0.52 S 812 1828 -2.9 -34.9 6 32.0 -8.7 295 15 286.8 286.9 275.4 287.6 0.24 W 812 1829 -2.9 -34.9 6 32.0 -8.7 295 15 286.8 286.9 275.4 287.6 0.24 S 792 2026 -2.9 -16.9 33 14.0 -7.0 288 19 288.9 289.1 278.0 292.8 1.28 W 781 2134 -3.4 -17.2 34 13.8 -7.4 285 21 289.5 289.7 278.3 293.4 1.27 W 752 2438 -4.7 -17.9 35 13.2 -8.4 275 28 291.2 291.5 279.1 295.1 1.24 S 744 2519 -5.1 -18.1 35 13.0 -8.7 276 29 291.7 291.9 279.3 295.5 1.23 S 740 2561 -5.5 -13.5 53 8.0 -8.0 277 29 291.7 292.0 280.1 297.2 1.82 W 723 2743 -6.5 -12.1 64 5.6 -8.4 280 30 292.6 292.9 280.8 298.9 2.08 S 703 2962 -7.7 -10.5 80 2.8 -8.7 284 29 293.6 294.0 281.7 300.9 2.44 M 700 2995 -7.7 -10.6 80 2.9 -8.7 285 29 294.0 294.4 281.9 301.3 2.43 W 695 3048 -7.6 -11.4 74 3.8 -8.9 290 28 294.6 295.0 282.0 301.6 2.30 S 678 3243 -7.3 -14.3 57 7.0 -9.5 284 31 297.1 297.4 282.5 302.8 1.86 W 643 3658 -10.3 -14.8 70 4.5 -11.6 275 38 298.3 298.7 283.1 304.2 1.89 S 640 3689 -10.5 -14.8 71 4.3 -11.8 275 39 298.4 298.8 283.1 304.3 1.89 S 619 3945 -10.9 -16.9 61 6.0 -12.6 275 43 300.8 301.1 283.8 306.0 1.64 S 607 4095 -12.1 -15.3 77 3.2 -13.0 275 45 301.1 301.5 284.2 307.1 1.92 W 593 4267 -13.4 -16.6 77 3.2 -14.3 275 48 301.6 301.9 284.2 307.1 1.76 S 564 4652 -16.3 -19.5 76 3.2 -17.1 269 47 302.6 302.8 284.2 307.2 1.45 S 550 4841 -15.7 -24.7 46 9.0 -17.7 266 47 305.5 305.6 284.8 308.6 0.94 W 547 4877 -16.0 -24.9 46 8.8 -18.0 265 47 305.5 305.7 284.8 308.6 0.93 W 504 5486 -21.3 -27.6 57 6.3 -22.5 270 41 306.3 306.4 284.9 308.9 0.78 M 500 5550 -21.9 -27.9 58 6.0 -23.0 270 43 306.3 306.5 284.9 308.9 0.77 S 470 6004 -26.1 -29.7 72 3.6 -26.7 274 51 306.6 306.7 284.9 308.9 0.69 W 464 6096 -26.8 -30.3 72 3.5 -27.3 275 53 306.9 307.0 285.0 309.1 0.67 S 451 6302 -28.3 -31.5 74 3.2 -28.7 276 55 307.5 307.6 285.1 309.5 0.61 S 436 6546 -28.7 -37.7 42 9.0 -29.7 277 58 310.0 310.0 285.7 311.2 0.34 S 407 7037 -32.1 -44.1 29 12.0 -33.1 280 63 311.7 311.8 286.2 312.4 0.19 M 400 7160 -33.3 -45.3 29 12.0 -34.2 280 64 311.7 311.7 286.1 312.3 0.17 W 374 7620 -37.3 -48.1 32 10.8 -37.9 285 64 312.5 312.5 286.4 313.0 0.13 M 300 9110 -50.3 -57.3 43 7.0 -50.5 275 81 314.5 314.5 287.0 314.7 0.06 W 298 9144 -50.6 -57.6 43 7.0 -50.8 275 82 314.5 314.5 287.0 314.7 0.05 W 258 10058 -58.2 -64.3 45 6.2 -58.2 285 95 316.6 316.6 287.6 316.7 0.03 TRP 251 10245 -59.7 -65.7 45 6.0 -59.7 285 94 316.9 317.0 287.8 317.0 0.02 M 250 10270 -59.7 -65.7 45 6.0 -59.7 285 93 317.3 317.3 287.9 317.4 0.02 W 235 10668 -60.2 -66.2 45 6.0 -60.3 290 81 322.4 322.4 289.5 322.5 0.02 S 231 10762 -60.3 -66.3 45 6.0 -60.4 289 76 323.7 323.7 289.9 323.7 0.02 S 226 10898 -57.7 -65.7 35 8.0 -57.8 286 69 329.7 329.7 291.6 329.8 0.02 W 223 10973 -57.5 -66.2 32 8.7 -57.7 285 65 331.0 331.0 292.0 331.1 0.02 M 200 11670 -56.1 -71.1 14 15.0 -56.3 275 81 343.9 343.9 295.3 344.0 0.01 W 184 12192 -53.2 -73.1 7 19.9 -53.5 270 95 356.8 356.8 298.1 356.9 0.01 S 184 12203 -53.1 -73.1 7 20.0 -53.5 270 95 357.1 357.1 298.1 357.1 0.01 M 150 13520 -52.9 -80.9 2 28.0 -53.4 280 91 378.9 378.9 302.1 378.9 0.00 S 130 14441 -54.7 -82.7 2 28.0 -55.1 280 100 391.5 391.5 304.0 391.5 0.00 MWD 123 14795 -55.9 -83.1 2 27.1 -56.3 280 103 395.5 395.5 304.6 395.6 0.00 W 120 14935 -56.4 -83.2 2 26.8 -56.8 280 103 397.2 397.2 304.8 397.2 0.00 W 115 15240 -57.5 -83.5 2 26.0 -57.9 280 96 400.7 400.7 305.3 400.7 0.00 W 104 15850 -59.6 -84.1 3 24.5 -59.9 290 91 407.8 407.8 306.2 407.8 0.00 S 101 16038 -60.3 -84.3 3 24.0 -60.6 290 86 410.1 410.1 306.5 410.1 0.00 M 100 16100 -60.5 -84.5 3 24.0 -60.8 290 84 410.8 410.8 306.6 410.8 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5381.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Freezing level: 949.00 mb = 586.78 m = 1925.10 ft Freezing level: 949.00 mb = 586.78 m = 1925.10 ft Freezing level: 906.00 mb = 956.53 m = 3138.20 ft Freezing level: 885.00 mb = 1144.25 m = 3754.07 ft Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.28 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 45.54 % Est. max temperature: 11.78 C = 53.21 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 947.13 mb = 602.54 m = 1976.80 ft T: -0.07 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.56 C/km ThetaE index: 0.23 C Layer 1000.0- 983.1 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 476.80 mb = 5898.43 m = 19351.58 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.04 g/kg Conv temperature: 35.13 C = 95.24 F Cap Strength: 23.69 C Lifted Index: 23.55 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 25.79 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 16.42 C Showalter Index: 17.63 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 15.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 19.80 C Cross Totals Index: -4.20 C K Index: -9.20 Risk: None Sweat Index: 69.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.92 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 28.06 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.49 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 20473.42 J/kg Cap Strength: 23.67 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 747.64 mb = 2480.45 m = 8137.86 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 305 at 22 knt ----------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ----------------------------------------------------- 1020 41 300 8 6.9 -4.0 | 129 14 -11.3 9.0 1001 161 309 7 5.4 -4.5 | 124 15 -12.8 8.5 1000 169 310 7 5.4 -4.5 | 123 15 -12.9 8.5 983 305 330 7 3.5 -6.1 | 115 16 -14.8 7.0 949 587 273 8 7.9 -0.5 | 140 16 -10.4 12.6 946 610 270 8 8.0 0.0 | 142 17 -10.3 13.0 925 791 270 10 10.0 0.0 | 148 15 -8.3 13.0 911 913 265 12 11.9 1.0 | 156 15 -6.3 14.1 911 914 265 12 12.0 1.0 | 156 15 -6.3 14.1 906 957 268 12 12.0 0.5 | 155 15 -6.3 13.5 885 1144 280 12 11.8 -2.1 | 149 13 -6.5 10.9 877 1219 285 12 11.6 -3.1 | 146 12 -6.7 9.9 850 1466 285 13 12.6 -3.4 | 149 11 -5.7 9.7 844 1522 285 13 12.6 -3.4 | 149 11 -5.7 9.7 844 1524 285 13 12.6 -3.4 | 149 11 -5.7 9.7 812 1828 295 15 13.6 -6.3 | 145 8 -4.7 6.7 812 1829 295 15 13.6 -6.3 | 145 8 -4.7 6.7 792 2026 288 19 18.0 -5.8 | 178 7 -0.3 7.3 781 2134 285 21 20.3 -5.4 | 195 8 2.0 7.6 752 2438 275 28 27.9 -2.4 | 222 14 9.6 10.6 744 2519 276 29 28.3 -3.2 | 226 14 10.1 9.9 740 2561 277 29 28.6 -3.6 | 227 14 10.3 9.5 723 2743 280 30 29.5 -5.2 | 235 14 11.3 7.8 703 2962 284 29 28.2 -7.2 | 240 12 10.0 5.8 700 2995 285 29 28.0 -7.5 | 240 11 9.7 5.5 695 3048 290 28 26.3 -9.6 | 247 9 8.0 3.4 678 3243 284 31 30.2 -7.6 | 246 13 12.0 5.4 643 3658 275 38 37.9 -3.3 | 244 22 19.6 9.7 640 3689 275 39 38.4 -3.4 | 244 22 20.1 9.7 619 3945 275 43 42.5 -3.7 | 249 26 24.3 9.3 607 4095 275 45 45.0 -3.9 | 251 28 26.7 9.1 593 4267 275 48 47.8 -4.2 | 253 31 29.6 8.8 564 4652 269 47 47.4 1.0 | 244 32 29.1 14.1 550 4841 266 47 46.9 3.6 | 240 33 28.7 16.6 547 4877 265 47 46.8 4.1 | 239 33 28.6 17.1 504 5486 270 41 41.0 0.0 | 240 26 22.7 13.0 500 5550 270 43 43.0 0.0 | 242 28 24.7 13.0 470 6004 274 51 51.1 -3.8 | 254 34 32.9 9.2 464 6096 275 53 52.8 -4.6 | 256 36 34.5 8.4 451 6302 276 55 54.8 -5.9 | 259 37 36.5 7.2 436 6546 277 58 57.1 -7.4 | 262 39 38.9 5.7 407 7037 280 63 61.9 -10.4 | 266 44 43.6 2.7 400 7160 280 64 63.0 -11.1 | 268 45 44.8 1.9 374 7620 285 64 61.8 -16.6 | 275 44 43.6 -3.5 300 9110 275 81 80.7 -7.1 | 265 63 62.4 6.0 298 9144 275 82 81.7 -7.1 | 265 64 63.4 5.9 258 10058 285 95 91.8 -24.6 | 279 74 73.5 -11.6 251 10245 285 94 90.8 -24.3 | 279 73 72.5 -11.3 250 10270 285 93 89.8 -24.1 | 279 72 71.6 -11.0 235 10668 290 81 76.1 -27.7 | 284 60 57.9 -14.7 231 10762 289 76 72.0 -24.4 | 282 55 53.8 -11.3 226 10898 286 69 66.1 -19.5 | 278 48 47.8 -6.4 223 10973 285 65 62.8 -16.8 | 275 45 44.5 -3.8 200 11670 275 81 80.7 -7.1 | 265 63 62.4 6.0 184 12192 270 95 95.0 0.0 | 260 78 76.7 13.0 184 12203 270 95 95.0 -0.1 | 260 78 76.7 12.9 150 13520 280 91 89.6 -15.8 | 272 71 71.4 -2.8 130 14441 280 100 98.1 -17.3 | 273 80 79.9 -4.3 123 14795 280 103 101.4 -17.9 | 273 83 83.2 -4.9 120 14935 280 103 101.4 -17.9 | 273 83 83.2 -4.9 115 15240 280 96 94.5 -16.7 | 273 76 76.3 -3.6 104 15850 290 91 85.5 -31.1 | 285 70 67.2 -18.1 101 16038 290 86 80.6 -29.3 | 285 64 62.3 -16.3 100 16100 290 84 78.9 -28.7 | 285 63 60.7 -15.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 275.5 at 29.9 knts Storm direction: 305.5 at 22.4 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.0 neg: 2.8 tot: 4.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 117.3 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 86.5 neg: -20.0 tot: 66.5 m^2/s^2 ave: 22.2 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.48 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 7.7 stream: 3.7 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.36 Bulk Shear: 76.94 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 309 7 124 29| 0.0 2.5 2.5| 20.4 -11.5 8.9 17.7 0.26| 8.7 2.3 1000 286 9 137 28| 0.0 3.1 3.1| 41.6 -13.8 27.8 27.8 0.44| 7.9 3.5 1500 285 10 140 27| 1.0 2.1 3.1| 43.5 -18.9 24.6 16.4 0.31| 6.5 2.0 2000 287 11 143 24| 2.1 1.6 3.6| 51.9 -20.0 31.8 15.9 0.37| 6.8 2.5 2500 284 14 153 21| 1.7 3.3 5.0| 72.6 -20.0 52.5 21.0 0.46| 7.8 3.6 3000 283 16 166 18| 2.0 2.8 4.8| 86.5 -20.0 66.5 22.2 0.48| 7.7 3.7 4000 281 21 197 18| 1.5 4.5 6.0|105.3 -23.9 81.4 20.3 0.37| 8.2 3.1 5000 277 27 220 25| 1.2 4.0 5.2|116.5 -89.1 27.4 5.5 0.23| 7.9 1.8 6000 275 30 229 30| 1.8 3.3 5.1|184.2 -89.1 95.1 15.8 0.28| 8.0 2.2